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KMID : 0043320100330010133
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Archives of Pharmacal Research
2010 Volume.33 No. 1 p.133 ~ p.139
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N-nitroso-N-methylurea and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea Induce Upregulation of Cellular NF-κB Activity Through Protein Kinase C-Dependent Pathway in Human Malignant Keratinocytes
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Moon Ki-Young
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Abstract
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The upregulatory mechanism of cellular NF-κB activity by carcinogens, N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) in human malignant keratinocytes was investigated. To elucidate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the upregulation of NF-κB by NMU and NEU, two known PKC inhibitors, staurosporine and H-7 were studied. Treatment of cells with PKC inhibitors decreased NF-κB activity in a dose responsive manner at concentrations of 20~200 nM. Staurosporine (160 nM) and H-7 (200 nM) downregulated the cellular NF-κB activation up to 20 and 60% compared to the NF-κB activity that was upregulated by NMU (5 μM) and NEU (5 μM), respectively. These results indicated that the PKC activity was responsible for the upregulation of NF-κB activity. The level of phosphorylation of I-κBα, the predominant form of the I-κB family represented by NMU and NEU, was quantified. The relative amount of I-κBα phosphorylation (serines-32 and -36) determined using the cellular activation of signaling ELISA assay method showed that NMU (5 μM) and NEU (5 μM) increased the amount of I-κBα phosphorylation up to 17 and 10% compared to the control, respectively. The results demonstrate the upregulatory effect of NMU and NEU on cellular NF-κB activity in human keratinocytes via the protein kinase C-mediated pathway.
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KEYWORD
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NF-κB activity, I-κB, NMU and NEU, Chemical carcinogenesis, Protein Kinase C
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